Always seemed weird to me, how people debate punishing vs rewarding, as though you can’t do both. A healthy mix of punishing, and rewarding,, based entirely on proportional and relativistic responses, that don’t become absurd or physically threatening… is always most effective.
Only punishing removes incentive. Thus removing motivation.
Rewarding only, has more complex downsides, but is still better than punishment only, especially since the punishment only approach often gets intermixed with violence.
Restraint and patience are key.